[Arduino][ncurses-5.9] Compile ncurses-5.9 by using gcc-5

Download package
ncurses-5.9.tar.gz


Decompress package, and configure it.
./configure –prefix=/opt –with-shared –without-normal –without-debug –without-cxx-binding CC=/usr/bin/gcc-5


Patch into current file.
./script/build failure with GCC 5.1.0


Create patch file
modules/ncurses - fix complation on gcc 5.1


Save following file into a.patch

--- a/ncurses/base/MKlib_gen.sh
+++ b/ncurses/base/MKlib_gen.sh
@@ -474,11 +474,22 @@ sed -n -f $ED1 \
    -e 's/gen_$//' \
    -e 's/  / /g' >>$TMP

+cat >$ED1 <<EOF
+s/  / /g
+s/^ //
+s/ $//
+s/P_NCURSES_BOOL/NCURSES_BOOL/g
+EOF
+
+# A patch discussed here:
+#  https://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2014-06/msg02185.html
+# introduces spurious #line markers.  Work around that by ignoring the system's
+# attempt to define "bool" and using our own symbol here.
+sed -e 's/bool/P_NCURSES_BOOL/g' $TMP > $ED2
+cat $ED2 >$TMP
+
 $preprocessor $TMP 2>/dev/null \
-| sed \
-   -e 's/  / /g' \
-   -e 's/^ //' \
-   -e 's/_Bool/NCURSES_BOOL/g' \
+| sed -f $ED1 \
 | $AWK -f $AW2 \
 | sed -f $ED3 \
 | sed \

Under the folder of ncurses-5.9
patch -p1 < a.patch


Start to compile and install
make && make install


link file into /usr/lib/
sudo ln -s /opt/lib/libncurses.so /usr/lib/libncurses.so.5
sudo ln -s /opt/lib/libncurses.so /usr/lib/libtinfo.so.5


Reference:

• ./script/build failure with GCC 5.1.0
• ncurses-5.9.tar.gz

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[Arduino][Gentoo] libtinfo.so.5: cannot open shared object file

Q:
/home/happy/Downloads/arduino-1.6.9/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avrdude: error while loading shared libraries: libtinfo.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

A:
emerge sys-libs/ncurses
cd /lib
sudo ln -s libncurses.so.5.7 libtinfo.so.5

Reference:

• missing library libtinfo.so.5
• sys-libs/ncurses - console display library

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[Arduino][3DP]][Prusa i3] Compile code and upload code by command

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[Arduino] How to control light by Arduino

Reference:

• Using Relays with Arduino – Turning on the Lights
• 如何透過繼電器控制外部電路~改
• ESP8266 WiFi 模組

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[Arduino][3DP] How to find *.hex in old version of arduino

Settings

In the Arduino program: go to Arduino -> Preferences and then select Show vervose output during -> compilation.

Compile

After compile the code, go to /tmp/buildxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.tmp to find *.hex.


Reference:

• Where are the hex files compiled by Arduino?

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[Arduino][3DP] Let Arduino-1.6.7 compatible 3rd party board definitions

Create the folder of avr.

mkdir hardware/Melzi/avr
cd hardware/Melzi
cp -Rf boards.txt bootloaders variants hardware/Melzi/avr

Start to execute.

Open arduino will see (Tools –> Board –> Melzi)


Reference:

• 3rd party hardware -> step by step guide to upgrade the layout to 1.5?

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[Arduino] Online Resource

• Building an atmega1284p prototype
• Arduino on ATmega1284P

• Product
• Arduino GPS Watch
• How to make desktop vacuum cleaner robot

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[Arduino] How to drive SG90 by using arduino

Connecting

Pin Brown = connect to Arduino - / GND
Pin Orange = connect to arduino +5V
Pin Yellow = in this example connect to Arduino Digital port 9

Code

#include <Servo.h> 

Servo myservo; // create servo object to control a servo 
// a maximum of eight servo objects can be created 

int pos = 0; // variable to store the servo position 

void setup() 
{ 
  myservo.attach(9); // attaches the servo on pin 9 to the servo object 
} 

void loop() 
{ 
  for(pos = 0; pos < 180; pos += 1) // goes from 0 degrees to 180 degrees 
  { // in steps of 1 degree 
    myservo.write(pos); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos' 
    delay(15); // waits 15ms for the servo to reach the position 
  } 
  for(pos = 180; pos>=1; pos-=1) // goes from 180 degrees to 0 degrees 
  { 
    myservo.write(pos); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos' 
    delay(15); // waits 15ms for the servo to reach the position 
  } 
}

Reference:

• Arduino towerpro sg90 9g servo

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[Arduino] avrdude - libncurses.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

Q:
avrdude: error while loading shared libraries: libncurses.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

A:

1. Install package
   pacman -S --noconfirm avrdude
   
   
2. rm ~/.platformio/packages/tool-avrdude/avrdude
   ln -s /usr/bin/avrdude ~/.platformio/packages/tool-avrdude/avrdude

Reference:

• Archlinux: libncurses.so.5: cannot open shared object file

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[Latex][Archlinux] latex to compile yzu_thesis_latex_v203 without issue

Archlinux :
pacman -S –noconfirm texlive-most
pacman -S –noconfirm texlive-lang


Ubuntu :
sudo apt-get –yes –force-yes install texlive-xetex
sudo apt-get –yes –force-yes install latex-cjk-all
sudo apt-get –yes –force-yes install texlive
sudo apt-get –yes –force-yes install texlive-publishers


Then latex xxx and bibtex xxx will no problem


Reference:

• TeX Live
• IEEETrans on Mac OS X with texlive

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[Raspberry Pi][Arduino] Raspberry Pi control bar graph LED throught arduino

Study the following two article

1. [Raspberry Pi][Arduino] Raspberry pi connect to arduino by using I2C
2. [Arduino] Using 74HC595 to control bar graph LED

Arduino Code :

#include <Wire.h>
#define SLAVE_ADDRESS 0x04

int number = 0;
int state = 0;
int LED_Num = 0;

//Pin connected to ST_CP of 74HC595
int latchPin = 8;

//Pin connected to SH_CP of 74HC595
int clockPin = 12;

////Pin connected to DS of 74HC595
int dataPin = 11;
double temp;

void setup() {
    Serial.begin(9600); // send and receive at 9600 baud

    //set pins to output so you can control the shift register
    pinMode(latchPin, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(clockPin, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(dataPin, OUTPUT);

    // initialize i2c as slave
    Wire.begin(SLAVE_ADDRESS);

    // define callbacks for i2c communication
    Wire.onReceive(receiveData);
    Wire.onRequest(sendData);
}



void loop() {
    delay(100);
}



// callback for received data

void receiveData(int byteCount){

 while(Wire.available()) {



  number = Wire.read();



  switch (number) {
    case 0:
      LED_Num = number;
      break;

    case 1:
      LED_Num = number;
      break;

    case 2:
      LED_Num = number;
      break;

    case 3:
      LED_Num = number;
      break;

    case 4:
      LED_Num = number;
      break;

    case 5:
      LED_Num = number;
      break;

    case 6:
      LED_Num = number;
      break;

    case 7:
      LED_Num = number;
      break;

    case 8:
      LED_Num = number;
      break;

    case 9:
      LED_Num = number;
      break;

    case 10:
      LED_Num = number;
      break;

    default:
      // if nothing else matches, do the default
      // default is optional
      break;
  }

    // digitalWrite(latchPin, LOW);
    // shift out the bits:
    // shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, MSBFIRST, (1 << LED_Num) - 1);
    // take the latch pin high so the LEDs will light up:
    // digitalWrite(latchPin, HIGH);


    int numberToDisplay  = 1 << (LED_Num - 1);
    byte high_Byte = highByte(numberToDisplay);
    byte low_Byte = lowByte(numberToDisplay);

    /* Debug message  Crtl+Shift+M */
    Serial.print("The binary of high_Byte is ");
    Serial.println(high_Byte, BIN);
    Serial.print("The binary of  low_Byte is ");
    Serial.println(low_Byte, BIN);

    // 送資料前要先把 latchPin 拉成低電位
    digitalWrite(latchPin, LOW);

    // 先送高位元組 (Hight Byte), 給離 Arduino 較遠的那顆 74HC595
    shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, MSBFIRST, high_Byte);

    // 再送低位元組 (Low Byte), 給離 Arduino 較近的那顆 74HC595
    shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, MSBFIRST, low_Byte);

    // 送完資料後要把 latchPin 拉回成高電位
    digitalWrite(latchPin, HIGH);
 }
}

// callback for sending data
void sendData(){
 Wire.write(number);

}

Raspberry Pi Part:

#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <linux/i2c-dev.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>

// The PiWeather board i2c address
#define ADDRESS 0x04

// The I2C bus: This is for V2 pi's. For V1 Model B you need i2c-0
static const char *devName = "/dev/i2c-1";

int main(int argc, char** argv) {

  if (argc == 1) {
    printf("Supply one or more commands to send to the Arduino\n");
    exit(1);
  }

  printf("I2C: Connecting\n");
  int file;

  if ((file = open(devName, O_RDWR)) < 0) {
    fprintf(stderr, "I2C: Failed to access %d\n", devName);
    exit(1);
  }

  printf("I2C: acquiring buss to 0x%x\n", ADDRESS);

  if (ioctl(file, I2C_SLAVE, ADDRESS) < 0) {
    fprintf(stderr, "I2C: Failed to acquire bus access/talk to slave 0x%x\n", ADDRESS);
    exit(1);
  }

  int arg;

  for (arg = 1; arg < argc; arg++) {
    int val;
    unsigned char cmd[16];

    if (0 == sscanf(argv[arg], "%d", &val)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "Invalid parameter %d \"%s\"\n", arg, argv[arg]);
      exit(1);
    }

    printf("Sending %d\n", val);

    cmd[0] = val;
    if (write(file, cmd, 1) == 1) {

      // As we are not talking to direct hardware but a microcontroller we
      // need to wait a short while so that it can respond.
      //
      // 1ms seems to be enough but it depends on what workload it has
      usleep(10000);

      char buf[1];
      if (read(file, buf, 1) == 1) {
    int temp = (int) buf[0];

    printf("Received %d\n", temp);
      }
    }

    // Now wait else you could crash the arduino by sending requests too fast
    usleep(10000);
  }

  close(file);
  return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

Execute :

pi@raspberrypi ~/test $ ./raspberry_to_arduino 1
I2C: Connecting
I2C: acquiring buss to 0x4
Sending 1
Received 1

Reference :
1. switch / case statements
2. Arduino 筆記 – Lab12 使用兩顆 74HC595 和三支腳位控制 16 顆 LED
3. 4.1Sending Debug Information from Arduino to Your Computer
4. Arduino Tutorial #3 - Shift Registers (74HC595)

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[Arduino] Using 74HC595 to control bar graph LED

Final production - Second Try



First Try



This side of bar graph LED is negative pin.



74HC595 IC



Reference Serial to Parallel Shifting-Out with a 74HC595 will find out the following circuit diagram.



Using the following code will let the bar graph LED blinking.

 

/*
  Shift Register Example
  Turning on the outputs of a 74HC595 using an array

 Hardware:
 * 74HC595 shift register
 * LEDs attached to each of the outputs of the shift register

 */
//Pin connected to ST_CP of 74HC595
int latchPin = 8;
//Pin connected to SH_CP of 74HC595
int clockPin = 12;
////Pin connected to DS of 74HC595
int dataPin = 11;

//holders for infromation you're going to pass to shifting function
byte data;
byte dataArray[10];

void setup() {
  //set pins to output because they are addressed in the main loop
  pinMode(latchPin, OUTPUT);
  Serial.begin(9600);

  //Arduino doesn't seem to have a way to write binary straight into the code
  //so these values are in HEX.  Decimal would have been fine, too.
  dataArray[0] = 0xFF; //11111111
  dataArray[1] = 0xFE; //11111110
  dataArray[2] = 0xFC; //11111100
  dataArray[3] = 0xF8; //11111000
  dataArray[4] = 0xF0; //11110000
  dataArray[5] = 0xE0; //11100000
  dataArray[6] = 0xC0; //11000000
  dataArray[7] = 0x80; //10000000
  dataArray[8] = 0x00; //00000000
  dataArray[9] = 0xE0; //11100000

  //function that blinks all the LEDs
  //gets passed the number of blinks and the pause time
  blinkAll_2Bytes(2,500);
}

void loop() {

  for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
    //load the light sequence you want from array
    data = dataArray[j];
    //ground latchPin and hold low for as long as you are transmitting
    digitalWrite(latchPin, 0);
    //move 'em out
    shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, data);
    //return the latch pin high to signal chip that it
    //no longer needs to listen for information
    digitalWrite(latchPin, 1);
    delay(300);
  }
}



// the heart of the program
void shiftOut(int myDataPin, int myClockPin, byte myDataOut) {
  // This shifts 8 bits out MSB first,
  //on the rising edge of the clock,
  //clock idles low

  //internal function setup
  int i=0;
  int pinState;
  pinMode(myClockPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(myDataPin, OUTPUT);

  //clear everything out just in case to
  //prepare shift register for bit shifting
  digitalWrite(myDataPin, 0);
  digitalWrite(myClockPin, 0);

  //for each bit in the byte myDataOut�
  //NOTICE THAT WE ARE COUNTING DOWN in our for loop
  //This means that 000001 or "1" will go through such
  //that it will be pin Q0 that lights.
  for (i=7; i>=0; i--)  {
    digitalWrite(myClockPin, 0);

    //if the value passed to myDataOut and a bitmask result
    // true then... so if we are at i=6 and our value is
    // %11010100 it would the code compares it to %01000000
    // and proceeds to set pinState to 1.
    if ( myDataOut & (1<<i) ) {
      pinState= 1;
    }
    else { 
      pinState= 0;
    }

    //Sets the pin to HIGH or LOW depending on pinState
    digitalWrite(myDataPin, pinState);
    //register shifts bits on upstroke of clock pin  
    digitalWrite(myClockPin, 1);
    //zero the data pin after shift to prevent bleed through
    digitalWrite(myDataPin, 0);
  }

  //stop shifting
  digitalWrite(myClockPin, 0);
}


//blinks the whole register based on the number of times you want to
//blink "n" and the pause between them "d"
//starts with a moment of darkness to make sure the first blink
//has its full visual effect.
void blinkAll_2Bytes(int n, int d) {
  digitalWrite(latchPin, 0);
  shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, 0);
  shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, 0);
  digitalWrite(latchPin, 1);
  delay(200);
  for (int x = 0; x < n; x++) {
    digitalWrite(latchPin, 0);
    shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, 255);
    shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, 255);
    digitalWrite(latchPin, 1);
    delay(d);
    digitalWrite(latchPin, 0);
    shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, 0);
    shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, 0);
    digitalWrite(latchPin, 1);
    delay(d);
  }
}

PCB Board :

I try to make a IC board, but fail. I will find out what happen.

Front :



Back :

Combine together with arduino

Reference:

1. Search IC Specification

2. Serial to Parallel Shifting-Out with a 74HC595

3. 74HC595 Specification

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[Raspberry Pi][Arduino] Raspberry pi connect to arduino by using I2C

The architecture about How to connect between Raspberry pi and Arduino.



How to write code and load binary file into arduino
[arduino] Starting arduino

Download following arduino code and compile it.
Arduino Source Code

Download following arduino code and compile it.
Raspberry Pi Source Code

gcc main.c -o main
./main 1

pi@raspberrypi ~/test $ ./a.out 1
I2C: Connecting
I2C: acquiring buss to 0x4
Sending 1
Received 1

Reference:

1. Arduino 1.0.6
2. Raspberry Pi and Arduino Connected Using I2C
3. Connecting an Arduino to a Raspberry PI using I2C
4. Connect Raspberry Pi to Arduino with I2C Interface
5. I2C communication between a RPI and a Arduino
6. DS1621 with Raspberry Pi/ArchLinuxARM
7. Control your light at home with a Raspberry Pi and Olimex’s MOD-IO2

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[Arduino] LED matrix

[Arduino] LED matrix





























Spec



8x8 LED Spec

4017B Decade counter

Reference :

• 
  Sparkfun


• 
  Arduino UNO 控制 8x8 LED

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[ardublock] How to install ardublock into arduino IDE

1. Open arduino

In Arduino IDE, open menu “Arduino” -> “File” -> “Preferences”

2. Download ardublock

3. cd arduino-1.0.5

mkdir ./tools/ArduBlockTool/tool -p

cp ardublock-all.jar under ./tools/ArduBlockTool/tool

4. Open arduino again

Choose “Tools” -> “ArduBlock”

Reference:

• Getting Started with ArduBlock

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[arduino] Starting arduino

sudo ./arduino &

The settings about the arduino



 

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[Arduino] Make Full color LED Lamps bright

[Arduino] Make Full color LED Lamps bright

Document :

Spec

This Full color LED Lamps is common anode.



The pin number 1 of Full color LED Lamp connect to Digital pin ~3.( ~3 mean can do fade function)

The pin number 2 of Full color LED Lamp connect to Digital pin ~5.

The pin number 4 of Full color LED Lamp connect to Digital pin ~6.

#########################################################

/*

 Fade

 

 This example shows how to fade an LED on pin 9

 using the analogWrite() function.

 

 This example code is in the public domain.

 */



int led3 =3;           // the pin that the LED is attached to

int led6 = 6;           // the pin that the LED is attached to

int led9 = 9;           // the pin that the LED is attached to

int brightness = 1;    // how bright the LED is

int fadeAmount = 1;    // how many points to fade the LED by



// the setup routine runs once when you press reset:

void setup()  {

  // declare pin 9 to be an output:

  pinMode(led3, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(led6, OUTPUT);  

  pinMode(led9, OUTPUT);    

}



// the loop routine runs over and over again forever:

void loop()  {

  // set the brightness of pin 9:

  analogWrite(led3, brightness );    

  analogWrite(led6, brightness % 10);

  analogWrite(led9, brightness % 20);  

 

  // change the brightness for next time through the loop:

  brightness = brightness + fadeAmount;



  // reverse the direction of the fading at the ends of the fade:

  if (brightness == 0 || brightness == 10) {

    fadeAmount = -fadeAmount ;

  }     

  // wait for 30 milliseconds to see the dimming effect    

  delay(30);                            

}

 

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[Arduino] Using 74LS48 decoder and 7 -segment to display number

[Arduino] Using 74LS48 decoder and 7 -segment to display number

#################################################

Document :

PDF file 74LS48 Spec



XL-SD105602 - 0.56-inch Single Digit LED 7-Segment Display

According to PDF (74LS48 -- common cathode) and Single Digit LED 7-segment Display.

Connect Output a to LED a. LED a pin location is 7. 74LS48 output a is pin 13.

Connect Output b to LED b. LED b pin location is 6. 74LS48 output b is pin 12.

Connect Output c to LED c. LED c pin location is 4. 74LS48 output c is pin 11.

Connect Output d to LED d. LED d pin location is 2. 74LS48 output d is pin 10.

Connect Output e to LED e. LED e pin location is 1. 74LS48 output e is pin 9.

Connect Output f  to LED f.  LED f pin location is 9. 74LS48 output f is pin 15.

Connect Output g to LED g. LED g pin location is 10. 74LS48 output g is pin 14.



Connect Input A to Arduino Digital pin 2.

Connect Input B to Arduino Digital pin 3.

Connect Input C  to Arduino Digital pin 4.

Connect Input D to Arduino Digital pin 5



Because my Digit LED 7-segment Display is common cathode. 

So 74LS48 GND is pin 8. Let the pin 8 connect to GND of arduino. That will make the LED blink, other connect to VCC won't blink.





#################################################

/*

  Blink

  Turns on an LED on for one second, then off for one second, repeatedly.

 

  This example code is in the public domain.

 */

 

// Pin 13 has an LED connected on most Arduino boards.

// give it a name:







#define led2 2

#define led3 3

#define led4 4

#define led5 5





// Pins for A B C D E F G, in sequence

const int segs[4] = { led2, led3, led4, led5};





// Segments that make each number

const byte numbers[10] = {0b0000, 0b0001, 0b0010, 0b0011, 0b0100, 0b0101, 0b0110, 0b0111, 0b1000, 0b1001};



// the setup routine runs once when you press reset:

void setup() {                

  // initialize the digital pin as an output.

  pinMode(led2, OUTPUT);     

  pinMode(led3, OUTPUT);  

  pinMode(led4, OUTPUT);  

  pinMode(led5, OUTPUT);    

}



// the loop routine runs over and over again forever:

void loop() {

  for ( int i = 1 ; i <= 9 ; i++)

  {

    lightSegments(numbers[0]);  

    NolightSegments(numbers[0]);  

  }



 



}





void lightSegments(byte number) {

  for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {

    int bit = bitRead(number, i);

    digitalWrite(segs[i], bit);

  }

}



void NolightSegments(byte number) {

  for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {

    digitalWrite(segs[i], LOW);

  }

}



//  digitalWrite(led, HIGH);   // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)

//  delay(1000);               // wait for a second

//  digitalWrite(led, LOW);    // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW

//  delay(1000);



 

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[Arduino] 4 Digital Number Display

[Arduino] 4 Digital Number Display







// www.TinkerHobby.com

// Natalia Fargasch Norman

// Dual seven-segment LED Display

// Common Anode digit 1 pin 10

// Common Anode digit 2 pin 5



//       CA1 G  F  A  B

//        |  |  |  |  |      -> pins and segments they control

//   ---------    ---------

//   |   A   |    |   A   |

//  F|       |B  F|       |B

//   |---G---|    |---G---|

//  E|       |C  E|       |C

//   |   D   |    |   D   |

//   ---------    ---------

//        |  |  |  |  |      -> pins and segments they control

//        D  DP E  C CA2       



// Segments that make each number when lit:

// 0 => -FEDCBA

// 1 => ----BC-

// 2 => G-ED-BA

// 3 => G--DCBA

// 4 => GF--CB-

// 5 => GF-DC-A

// 6 => GFEDC-A

// 7 => ----CBA

// 8 => GFEDCBA

// 9 => GF-DCBA



// Arduino digital pins used to light up

// corresponding segments on the LED display

#define A 2

#define B 3

#define C 4

#define D 5

#define E 6

#define f 7

#define G 8



// Pins driving common anodes

#define CA1 13

#define CA2 12

#define CA3 11

#define CA4 10



// Pins for A B C D E F G, in sequence

const int segs[7] = { A, B, C, D, E, f, G };



// Segments that make each number

const byte numbers[10] = { 0b1000000, 0b1111001, 0b0100100, 0b0110000, 0b0011001, 0b0010010,

0b0000010, 0b1111000, 0b0000000, 0b0010000 };



void setup() {

  pinMode(A, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(B, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(C, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(D, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(E, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(f, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(G, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(CA1, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(CA2, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(CA3, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(CA4, OUTPUT);  

}



void loop() {

  for (int digit1=0; digit1 < 10; digit1++) {

    for (int digit2=0; digit2 < 10; digit2++) {

      for (int digit3=0; digit3 < 10; digit3++) {

        for (int digit4=0; digit4 < 10; digit4++) {      

            unsigned long startTime = millis();

            for (unsigned long elapsed=0; elapsed < 600; elapsed = millis() - startTime) {

              lightDigit1(numbers[digit1]);

              delay(5);

              lightDigit2(numbers[digit2]);

              delay(5);

              lightDigit3(numbers[digit3]);

              delay(5);

              lightDigit4(numbers[digit4]);

              delay(5);            

         }

        }

      }

    }

  }

}



void lightDigit1(byte number) {

  digitalWrite(CA1, LOW);

  digitalWrite(CA2, LOW);

  digitalWrite(CA3, LOW);

  digitalWrite(CA4, HIGH);

  lightSegments(number);

}



void lightDigit2(byte number) {

  digitalWrite(CA1, LOW);

  digitalWrite(CA2, LOW);

  digitalWrite(CA3, HIGH);

  digitalWrite(CA4, LOW); 

  lightSegments(number);

}



void lightDigit3(byte number) {

  digitalWrite(CA1, LOW);

  digitalWrite(CA2, HIGH);

  digitalWrite(CA3, LOW);

  digitalWrite(CA4, LOW); 

  lightSegments(number);

}



void lightDigit4(byte number) {

  digitalWrite(CA1, HIGH);

  digitalWrite(CA2, LOW);

  digitalWrite(CA3, LOW);

  digitalWrite(CA4, LOW); 

  lightSegments(number);

}





void lightSegments(byte number) {

  for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) {

    int bit = bitRead(number, i);

    digitalWrite(segs[i], bit);

  }

}

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[Arduino] How to make LED blinking

[Arduino] How to make LED blinking



 

/*

  Blink

  Turns on an LED on for one second, then off for one second, repeatedly.

 

  This example code is in the public domain.

 */

 

// Pin 13 has an LED connected on most Arduino boards.



int timer = 50;           // The higher the number, the slower the timing.



// the setup routine runs once when you press reset:

void setup() {                





    for (int i = 2; i <= 11; i++) {

      // initialize the digital pin as an output.

      pinMode(i, OUTPUT);



  }

    

 

}



// the loop routine runs over and over again forever:

void loop() {

 

 

    for (int thisPin = 2; thisPin <= 11; thisPin++) {

    // turn the pin on:

    digitalWrite(thisPin, HIGH);  

    delay(timer);                  

    // turn the pin off:

    digitalWrite(thisPin, LOW);

  }

 

    for (int thisPin = 11; thisPin >= 2; thisPin--) {

    // turn the pin on:

    digitalWrite(thisPin, HIGH);  

    delay(timer);                  

    // turn the pin off:

    digitalWrite(thisPin, LOW);

  }

    

 

}



// Reference:

// 1. For Loop (aka The Knight Rider)

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