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Modify the permission of the folder of user (user:group)
The following action will see output device become “dummy output”
cd ~
sudo chown freeman:freeman .* -R
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Modify the file permission which are under /dev/snd like below (permission : 777)
This action will let output device from “dummy output” to “speak”.
happy@localhost /dev/snd $ ls -al total 0 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 280 Jul 2 01:18 . drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4240 Jul 2 01:18 .. drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 80 Jul 2 01:18 by-path crwxrwxrwx 1 root audio 116, 6 Jul 2 01:18 controlC0 crwxrwxrwx 1 root audio 116, 2 Jul 2 01:18 controlC1 crwxrwxrwx 1 root audio 116, 10 Jul 2 01:18 hwC0D0 crwxrwxrwx 1 root audio 116, 5 Jul 2 01:18 hwC1D0 crwxrwxrwx 1 root audio 116, 7 Jul 2 01:34 pcmC0D3p crwxrwxrwx 1 root audio 116, 8 Jul 2 01:34 pcmC0D7p crwxrwxrwx 1 root audio 116, 9 Jul 2 01:34 pcmC0D8p crwxrwxrwx 1 root audio 116, 4 Jul 2 01:34 pcmC1D0c crwxrwxrwx 1 root audio 116, 3 Jul 2 01:34 pcmC1D0p crwxrwxrwx 1 root audio 116, 1 Jul 2 01:18 seq crwxrwxrwx 1 root audio 116, 33 Jul 2 01:18 timer
Reference:
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