has been同had been的分別?

"Has/have been" is Present Perfect Tense (現在完成式)。表示從過去某時持續到現在的動作或狀態,以說明 經歷, 經驗, 完成, 繼續。

表示曾經去過某處 e.g., He has been to America. (曾去美國，表經驗)

表示已經去了某處  e.g., He has gone to America.(已去美國，不在這裡)



For example,

He has gone to Hong Kong. 他已去香港了。(also means that 他現在已不在本地。 )

He has been to Hong Kong once. 他曾經去過香港一次.

It has been many years since I last saw him.



Other examples of using "Have/Has"



She has been ill since Monday. 她從星期一以來就一直生病

He has been here for three days. 他到這裡已三天了。

I haven't seen her for five years. 我五年沒見到她了。

I have opened the door. 我已打開門了。

Mr. Lee speaks good English. He has learned English for 20 years.  李先生說一口好英語, 他學了英語已經二十年了。 ＝＞ 表示繼續

They have lived here for ten years. 他們住在這裡已經有十年了 ＝＞ 表示繼續

She has lived in Hong Kong since 2000.

He has already seen that movie. 他己經看過那部電影了。

She has just come back. 她剛回來

This is one of the best books that I  have ever read. 這是我看過最好的書之一。   (經驗 lor)

He has written three books so far. 到目前為止，他已寫了三本書 (It also implies that he will continue to write books.)

I shall go home when we have finished our work. 當我們做完工作，我們就回家



<font color="#FF4500">"had been" is Past Perfect Tense (過去完成式), 用來表示過去某一時間或某一動作之前已經完成的動作或存在的狀態。(Priority in Time) </font>



For example,

I had finished typing before lunch. 我在午飯前已打完字。

He had studied English for five years when he took the exam. 到考試時止,他已經學了五年英語。

I had hoped to pass examination. 我曾希望能通過考試。

I lost the pen which I had bought the day before.(我遺失了前天所買的筆)

I found the watch which I had lost. 我找到了我遺失的錶



過去的兩個動作，先發生的用過去完成式(had + p.p.) ，後發生的用過去簡單式。

The train had gone before we reached the station, so we missed the train. 火車開走在先，我們到達在後

He had been ill for a week when he went to a doctor. 他去看醫生之前，已經病了一個星期了

I played video games after I (had) finished my homework = Before I played video games, I (had) finished my homework. 做完功課後，我才打電動玩具。



Note: 歷史上的事實，雖然先發生，但也不可用過去完成式而要用過去式(past tense).

The teacher told us that Columbus  discovered America in 1492.

Don't say: The teacher told us that Columbus  had discovered America in 1492 ＝＞Incorrect use of "had"





Future Perfect Tense 未來完成式  ＝＞ will / shall + have + p.p.

未來某點時間或未來某動作之前已經完成的動作或事情



By next May, he will have lived here for six years. 到明年五月，他住再此地就要滿六年了

When you come next time, I will have finished the book. 下次你來時，我將已把這本書完成了

By June, we shall have learned English for three years. 到六月，我們已經學英文三年了

I will have finished my work when he comes back tomorrow. 當他明天回來的時候，我將已完成工作

I shall have finished the work before you come back. 在你回來之前，我將已做完此一工作



Reference :

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